A Modern Tragedy; or, The Death of Irony
 
 
 
 
Success or failure are secondary

Alberto Giacometti

 
 
    Poetry has mused on reality, trying to pierce the numinous halo of language and find nature as it is, transcendently real. But beyond language is the silence of the Other, which the poet cannot speak.

Poetry murdered the Word in order to find words. The words led to sarcasms, fractures, endlessly reflecting mirrors, the eclectic costumes of a consumerist, colonised language, ethics so generalised as to be non-existent. Irony winked from the wings.

 Some poetries attempted a retreat to a pure music, a concatenation of sound which eschewed the tyranny of constructed meanings. This was a nostalgia for the natural body and for nature itself, a retreat to an imagined innocence of the sensual before the Fall of consciousness. It was an innocence legitimised by a gesture towards mathematical incorruption, the arbitrary but scientific precisions of music. Yet as poetry retreats from the totalisation of meaning towards pure formalism, it becomes more wholly its own myth: a Poem. The only response to this dilemma is irony.

 Some poetries sought the legitimacy of prose, the literary queen of the age. The prosaic exposes the tyrannical pretensions of the poem, its lack of humility, its unrepentant subjectivity. The poem may take on the discursiveness of a novel, the multiplicity which disguises a novel's essential unity. The self of a poem, which has become its shame, may thus be sunk below the surface of writing. The poem may borrow a novel's celebrity. The poem might even become a movie. The poem vanishes.

 Some poetries turned to speech. This is also a kind of nostalgia. But the more poetry steals the locutions of actual speech, the more it disguises itself in the apparently natural, the more it becomes victim of itself: for it may be that the mythologies embedded in speech are the most insidious, the most invisible, and there poetry may be most bound by the very frames it wishes to escape: casting out an old fashioned romanticism, only to invent a contemporary romance which seeks to deny its own existence.

 And which speech is amenable to the poem? The conversational speech between people? The speech of advertising or politicians? The speech of the marginalised, the dispossessed, who are thereby appropriated to an aesthetic? The speech of the self inside the head? Where may an ethics play in this, except as fracture, pastiche or parody? That is, as irony?

 Other poetries simply gave up and died. Their corpses litter the landscape. They of course neglected irony altogether.

 Now it is clear that irony is inescapable, that it is the inevitable and logical end of the failures of poetry. This in itself is enough to cause suspicion. For irony is biddable: it escapes the embarrassing unambiguity of an ethical question simply by eliding it, and embraces contradictions by negating their significance. Irony, once a useful, if minor, literary tool, has become as inevitable as the triumph of capitalism, as necessary as corporatism, as satisfying a closure as the "end of history".

 Yet irony is merely a function of embarrassment. In a catastrophic world, it is a luxury that poetry can no longer afford.

 Irony is extinguished by catastrophe: it exists only before or after the event, in the anxiety of apprehension or the apprehension of hindsight. It is perhaps only in the moment of catastrophe that poetry, as pure resistance, might exist. The primary meaning of catastrophe is overturning, or sudden turn. A moment, that is, of transformation, which itself calls up the mask. Mask, an ancient symbol and means of transformation, is where irony tends, without arriving. It may be useful then to ask of the acknowledged deceptions of theatre - the home of irony, the very hearth of myth - what truths might be pillaged for the poem.

 So, drawing on poetry's anthropomorphic power, consider the puppet. Its animation is a crude and obvious irony. Its crudity and obviousness might, perhaps, be virtues.

 I experience a puppet's emotional potency without irony, although I can see clearly how it is animated. The Bunraku doll dies on stage, and its death is a catastrophe. I am simultaneously completely aware of the puppeteers manipulating the pegs which move its hands and feet. The pretence is naked. What remains of this collision between real effect and raw artifice is a moment of transformation which occurs wholly in the present and which may not be repeated. This unmetaphorical and non-linguistic possibility might parallel the anarchic ambition of a poem.

 Such thoughts suggest Beckett's theatrical oeuvre: his astringent humanity, his refusal to turn to stone, his metaphorical purity. The question is how to find an amplitude beyond his ever-diminishing trajectory. The gamble is the compassion necessary to be present in a moment of catastrophe. The speculation is the presence of the other, for the other is where an ethics begins. The hope is poetry's inevitable failure.

 Now, imagining something as contingent as faith, to begin again...
 

Alison Croggon, Meanjin 2001